Ming dynasty followed the Yuan dynasty and native rule was restored. Ming emperors and empresses sponsored the renovation of Daoist sacred sites and the practice of reformed Daoist rituals. Paintings characterized by great energy and vigor flourished during this time, and the porcelain industry received major imperial patronage. Early Ming energy was followed by a powerful conservative movement, echoed in the efforts to isolate China from the outside world. Nevertheless, the Portuguese landed in China in 1514. In the 17th century, trade with the Netherlands began and Jesuit priests entered southern China. Corruption in the late-Ming imperial court ultimately led to another foreign occupation. Ming are comprised by the following periods:
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